Knowledge Through Loss free essay sample

Everyone has things that they wish they could have done differently, but my mine would have changed my life forever. My parents had been divorced since I was 7 years old, so I spent every other weekend at my dad’s house and this weekend was my dad’s with us. I always had fun over there, but this time was different. We spent the weekend fighting with each other. Finally, I had enough—unfortunately since I was in fifth grade, I couldn’t drive. So my mom came to get me once I called her and explained the situation. By then my dad apologized and asked me to stay, but I was too angry with him to stay. As I left, three words came out of my lips that I still beat myself up for today: â€Å"I hate you.† After waking up the next day (Sunday), my ill feelings towards my father were gone and I had thought about calling him to apologize and tell him I love him†¦but I didn’t. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Through Loss or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two days now passed (it’s Monday) and I thought, I should call him†¦but I didn’t. The next day, he went missing and we assumed he went up north to Waupaca to clear his head. There was no contact with him and so my family got worried and called the police to send out search parties. The day was now Thursday, April 21, 2007. It was beautiful outside and I couldn’t stop staring out the windows of my fifth grade classroom. Not listening to Mrs. Krauser, only one thing on my mind—a rough and fun game of football after school. But then, in came Mrs. Emmerich. She pulled my teacher aside and whispered back and forth with her. I actually paid attention just in time to realize I was being called down to the office. Mrs. Emmerich then said in her stern voice, â€Å"Spencer, why don’t you take your things and follow me down to the office?† They told me to bring my things though? Why? They came to get me personally — I must be in some big trouble! But what for? As I got to the office they told me to go into the conference room and as I walked in I saw my mom. She looked quite upset, but I wasn’t sure what about. Maybe something is wrong with our dog Jake? Maybe I did actually do something to get me into deep trouble? How could I have known her next words? I couldn’t. No one could. â€Å"Spencer we found your dad. He’s committed suicide.† Why do you want me at your school? What is the point of this story? No it isn’t a guilt trip. I learned something very important from this. Life throws things at me all of the time. And it is my job to learn from it—although it was only one lesson lesson for me, it was the most important lesson of my life. Never procrastinate or get lazy because I will always regret it. If I am going to do somethingdo it. Now, I don’t even hesitate because it is impossible to actually know when too late is too late.

Dunkirk And Its Significance Essays - Dunkirk, Huns, Free Essays

Dunkirk And Its Significance Essays - Dunkirk, Huns, Free Essays Dunkirk And Its Significance Being a blue blooded Brit, and all that, I decided to write my piece on how historians view Dunkirk. My earliest thoughts on it were shaped by early black and white war films; with noble Tommies against vile Huns, gallantly beating out their escape, while under heavy attack. The truth about the matter was far from straightforward, with a host of variables, as well as lots of good luck. For us Dunkirk- though admittedly a failure, we did flee the field after all- was an amazing feat of sheer courage, National spirit, as well as raw tenacity, refusing to kick the can despite every odd stacked against us- rather like in the Battle of Agincourt. As we all know the story, I see no point in telling a biased version of events, so I will go through the interesting books I found. Interestingly enough the authors generally focus on different themes, either the success or failures of a particular side. My first book (see bibliography for details),edited by J. R. M. Butler, is surprisingly objective for a UK Military series book. Admittedly slightly biased, yet at the same time remarkably fair to Germany in its appraisals. The book starts before the retreat, of the mining(with around 7000 mines) of the channel, so creating a protective passage to France taking place between 11th September to October. This was completely successful bar one U-boat which came though before its completion. Three tried to break through, the U 12, and U 40 being blown up the third grounded itself trying to escape the mine field to be shot by surface vessels. Then it describes as many of the books do how many men returned to safety(approximately 337,000), which was far in excess of their wildest dreams of only 45,000, at the very most. It goes on to praise the men involved, [It] is a classic example of co-operation by the three Services then before it goes on to talk about the Germans, reminds us of the ca sualties, the Navy lost 228 ships, 45 badly damaged. It gives reasons why the German tanks were not sent down to the beaches, which would certainly have destroyed the Allied troops. Hitler strongly said that, the tank arm must not be used for operations for which it is best suited. Under no circumstancesbe permitted to become entangled in the endless confusion of rows of houses in Belgian towns. Also, it is noteworthy that at the time neither Guderian nor Kleist when they saw the position at close quarters thought that tanks should be used to attack Dunkirk. The main reasons for the German failures are given as, Bocks inability to exploit the gap in the British left when the Belgian front was broken. And, The mistake of German High Command in thinking that Ostend was our most important evacuation port. It concludes quite rightly that though the Germans tried their best, they failed. Our next book is by Basil Collier, who despite his unfortunate name, gives us a very interesting insight to the air war, the priorities of the defense of England, and the tactical repercussions for both sides. The withdraw was given air support by Air Vice-Marshall Gossage, in charge of No.11 group, who were responsible for the air defense of South- East England. The problem for Gossage was not very easy, on the one hand he had the Air- Ministry, telling him to, protect Dunkirk with maximum strength, yet he also had to consider the very plausible chance that German bombers could pop up, and attack undefended tracts of land, if he moved his bombers from that region. The books conclusion was that, the effort made was about the biggest compatible with prudence. Gossage, did not concentrate squadrons in the area, preferring instead to fly up to an average of 300 sorties per day. The heroic pilots who were, almost at cracking point at the third day, kept up their efforts, the general cons ensus from the men on the ground seemed to be positive, a vital factor in the success of the mission. However the main bonus was that it boosted moral, for the Battle of Britain, which incidentally was another brilliant success for us,

Nao Bell and Jar with Sculptural Rim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nao Bell and Jar with Sculptural Rim - Essay Example is serves to indicate that the primitive art creators of the age had some measure of geometry and trigonometry incorporated, which is evident from the very geometric patterns on the rim. Additionally, the curves used to compile the base of the jar provide further evidence for the use of advanced geometrical techniques. The second piece, the Nao bell, provides another unique experience of Oriental craftsmanship. The colour of the Nao bell indicates that it was fashioned by water exposure over time since the existing colour belies the materials used to create the piece (Kimbell Art Museum). The Nao bell shows the detail that was assigned to art pieces, especially of a ritualistic nature, in ancient Chinese society. The scrolls on the sides of the Nao bell signify the intricacy that could be produced through castings from the period since it would require detailed mold making including provisions for precise cast making. In addition, the curves defining the rims of the Nao bell and the depression inside the bell are also testament to the virtuosos of the

Economic Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Economic Development - Research Paper Example Notably, it has also been demonstrated in certain other areas relating to business activities such as trade, manufacturing and other business operations. In this context, industrializations, economic policies and export activities among others are considered to be the most important factors for the all-round development of a country. Human capital is also considered to be an important aspect which assists in the development of economies by a considerable level (Khan, Zhang, Hashmi and Bashir, â€Å"Cultural Values and Economic Growth in Asia: An Empirical Analysis†). Economic development in the Asian countries can be recognized by taking into concern certain valuable aspects like trade activities and better investment opportunities among others. In the worldwide context, Asia has been viewed to be the fast growing or developing economy and is recognized to be one of the leading financial centers throughout the globe. The financial advancement of Asia can be noted in the develo pment of its various nations like Japan, China, South Korea, India and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. The economic conditions of these Asian countries have been viewed to be developing in a continuous manner (Ishido, â€Å"East Asia’s Economic Development cum Trade â€Å"Divergence†Ã¢â‚¬ ). It has been apparently observed that there laid certain imperative factors which are held responsible for the economic development of the aforementioned Asian countries in the 21st century. In this regard, the factors comprise adoption as well as implementation of pioneering technological advancements, globalization of world economy, diverse trade activities and enhanced policies linked with financial development. Moreover, another important factor that contributes in developing the financial position of the different Asian countries is the role played by the government in the respective nations. The governments belonging to different nations of Asia int roduced as well as implemented various favorable economic and political policies that eventually resulted in raising the standards of the financial position of the Asian countries by a greater extent. Besides, the policies that formed as well as executed by the government belonging to different nations of Asia have improved business as well as human welfare activities resulting in better economic development. Apart from the aforementioned factors, the financial development of

Bad News Message Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bad News Message - Assignment Example Our mission is to deliver the best products to our clients and provide them with top of the line after-sales service. It is the practice of our company to grant watch replacement requests from our customers especially if after inspection of our technical department the request is valid and if it is within the warranty period. Unfortunately, we checked our records and found out that your watch was purchased last April 9, 2008; therefore, the three-year warranty has expired last April 9, 2011. All our watches, including the Magnifique 89379 are designed to last to up to an average of 15 years with proper care and maintenance. In as much as we can no longer replace your watch, you may visit the nearest service center and bring your Magnifique. We will be glad to repair it and give you a 12% discount on labor charges. Our technical department will be happy to assist you. They will give you free advice on the proper handling and maintenance of your watch to make it last for at least 15 years and

Child Observation, A Reflective Report

Child Observation, A Reflective Report As a student social worker, I was required to complete a Child observation over a period of six weeks. In order to prepare I had to decide the child and family I wanted to observe, on this occasion I decided I would observe a child from a mixed race back ground of age 0-12 months. The child I observed was 12 months from a single parent family and had three older siblings, the observation took place at her home after I acquired consent from the mother I started my task. It was essential to understand what observation was and I determined that it is an informed way of viewing or looking at something that raises awareness and increases understanding. At the start of the observation I felt very uncomfortable being in unfamiliar territory, I felt that it was unfair for me to subject this family to my own values, principles and prejudices. Although I felt that my chosen environment in which to observe was the right one, I had great concerns of my lack of experience and how the family would respond to me as an outsider in their lives. I was also very anxious about how this process would affect me as a parent and my parenting skills or lack of it was an intense moment. I questioned whether my role as an observer was really necessary but I had to get understanding of what observation was and meant to me. Trevithick (2012, pg: 169) stated that we learn a lot by observing others and as such learn what is being transmitted through tone of voice, volume, intonation, posture and gestures. As I observed the child I realised that I learnt a great deal not only as an observer but as a mother and reflection on my own childhood, upbringing and previous job role. There was a great deal of thought about the emotional impact of the observation on myself as the observer. Firstly I learnt the importance of observation, I realised that it was very essential to watch and listen than to speak because a great deal is achieved by watching, listening and being silent. Baldwin (1994, pg 83) stated through observation one is hearing and valuing the voice of the observed, and I believed that without words being said there was a connection between the child and I. (ability to remain detached to suspend judgement and refrain from participation, being aware of feelings and attitudes evoked, not initiating interaction, Precise recording which distinguishes what actually happened from what interpretation, Secondly I learnt that observation is a skill that is learnt and acquired with training and practice. Before this task as a family support worker I was required to observe people and make decisions, I had no prior train or knowledge but I did it .In addition Fawcett (2009 pg 16) stated that We learn much from our observations but we must accept that what we see is the tip of the iceberg.Observation assists the observer to get a better understanding of the childs internal and external world. Furthermore had a great awareness of the environment I was in and of verbal and non-verbal interaction between the child and parent as well. Fawcett (2009 pg 17) conquers as she states that observation is a rewarding chance to discover ways that people communicate and also how different gestures mean different things in different cultures. I was more aware of how power and hierarchies operate and how relatively powerless position of children, and this is clearly emphasised by (Fawcett 2009 pg18). Despite the advantages of the observation there were a few disadvantages such as: I felt that one hour was a very short time and I was not getting the whole picture from the family. The observation was taking place on Friday and that was a lot of time in between visits. Inexperience was a big deal because I continually observed the child as a mother I was unable to detach my role as a mother with my role as a student. Healy (2012 pg 34) argued that it is a practice which recognises the centrality of the emotions, body and mind of the worker and service user. It is essential to note that while there may be a few disadvantages as social workers the skill of observation is crucial to the day to day practice (Tanner 1995 pg 50). As part of the process I had to present my findings to the group and use PowerPoint presentation on reflection I learnt a great deal. As a social worker one requires good written and verbal communication skills and I believe that through presenting to the group I demonstrated the skills above. Stogdon Kiteley (2010 pg 147) emphasised that contributions to discussions and note- taking is the beginning of acquiring these skills. The feedback given to others made the subject area and what was expected clearer in the presentation. In practice we are given feedback from service users and colleagues this was a preparation process for what is expected. The importance of keeping eye contact and the audience interested in the subject matter, I had to ensure that the group was clear on the points that were being made. Verbal presentation by individual students is a chance to increase, advance and offer different methods of learning in the lectures, visual presentations. I had the benefit of the feedback and expertise, not only from the lecture but from my peers as well. My peers had an opportunity to ask questions and this helped me make my points clearer. By presenting to my peers, I was able to get constructive ideas which I used in order to make changes to the final draft. I also learnt that it is important to provide constructive feedback and how essential critical thinking was during this process. Furthermore I gained insight into other areas of child observation. The disadvantage of presenting was that it I felt time was too short and it took time for me to limit my information to present. I was very emotional and nervous and this may have come across during my presentation. During the observation I picked up from the mother that the childs father was not there for the first six months .Furthermore she stated that he only came to see the children when he felt like and on most occasions unannounced. On the two occasions that he came round as a woman and mother, I was very angry and disgusted by his behave and I felt that he was not a good parent. I then reflected back to my childhood and the close relationship I have with my father and this made me cross. As I observed him and the attachment he had with his children I realised that we are all human and can only do our best and I had no right to Judge him. This was a lesson for me and to realise that in practice there may be situations that will test my values beliefs and that I have to deal with them in a professional way. Gibbs (1998 pg 9) stated that it is from feelings and thought emerging from reflection that generalisations or concepts that allow new situations to be tackled effectively. Thomas and Pierson (1995pg 16) define anti discriminatory practice as a term used in social work training to describe how workers account of structural disadvantage and seek to reduce individual and institutional discrimination on grounds of race, gender, disability, social class and sexual orientation. Observation was listed as one of the five key stages that influence social work because it helps the worker to see and what to look for beyond race and gender (Howe 1987 pg 82).Thompson (1997 pg 34) model of anti à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"oppressive practice demonstrates the three areas that are joined personal prejudice, cultural beliefs and ethos and social and structural factors. When working to safeguard and promote the welfare of a child the family, environmental factors, parenting capacity and a childs development are looked at which provides holistic view of a child. As social workers vital and complex decisions are made based on observations therefore it is essential that the skills t o observe and assess are achieved. This is due to the fact that decisions and actions have far reaching consequences it helps to come to objective conclusions while dealing with a family. In social work practice all children and their families should be treated the same regardless of their colour, gender, race or religious beliefs. On reflection the observation was a learning curve ready for actual practice.

Comparing Morality in The Prince, Second Treatise of Government, and Ut

Comparing Morality  in  The Prince, Second Treatise of Government, and Utilitarianism Niccolo Machiavelli, John Locke, and John Stuart Mill present three distinct models of government in their works The Prince, Second Treatise of Government, and Utilitarianism. From an examination of these models it is possible to infer their views about human nature and its connection to the purpose of government. A key to comparing these views can be found in an examination of their ideas of morality as an intermediary between government and human nature. Whether this morality must be inferred from their writings or whether it is explicitly mentioned, it differs among the three in its definition, source, and purpose. Approximately three hundred years separate the earliest of these works, The Prince, from the most recent, Utilitarianism, and a progression is discernible in the concept of morality over this span. Machiavelli does not mention the word "morality," but his description of the trends and ideals of human political interaction allow for a reasonable deduction of the concept. Locke, too, does not use the word, but he does write of "the standard of right and wrong." In contrast, Mill writes explicitly and extensively of morality in its forms, sources, and obligations. A logical starting point in this examination is a look at their relative views of human nature. To Machiavelli, people are children that need order. They are childlike, not in their innocence, but in their passions. They are ungrateful, greedy, deceptive, and fickle. However, they are also rational and interested in avoiding danger. In calculating their interests they can perceive the need to join together to pursue common goals, such as conquest for acquisition, p... ...e driven into civil society by their contentious natures. As such, all three have the need for an organizing and directing influence in society to ensure that it accomplishes the ends for which it exists. For Machiavelli and for Locke, this influence comes directly from the government. For Mill, this influence comes from within society, the associations one forms with other people; however it requires a certain minimal support from the government to keep it on the proper track. This influence is morality, and it is an extension of human nature. Works Cited Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Government, ed. Thomas Peardon, New York, Bobbs-Merrill, 1952. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Trans. Hill Thompson. Norwalk: The Easton Press, 1980. Mill, John Stuart. † Utilitarianism Resources. BLTC. 19 January 2003.

Proposal to Eliminate Obesity

Stewart, M. June 13, 2011 Eng-106 Proposal to eliminate Obesity The fight against obesity is an ongoing battle; peoples all over the world are struggling to lose weight. Obesity is one of the most leading causes of death worldwide; this disease causes life threatening health conditions, such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, sleep apnea, strokes and cancer. The number of obese individuals throughout the world has doubled since three decades ago, which has become a high risk health factor in today’s society.Recent studies show that one out of every ten individual worldwide has been diagnosed as being obese. Despite the increasing obesity dilemma, studies indicate that some doctors find it hard to address weight issues with obese patients. Although, the doctor and patient know there is a problem, neither is willing to discuss it. This only makes the problem more complex later on, when it could have been resolved in the early stages. Wil liam, Bestermann Jr. , a medical director for Holston Medical Group in Kingsport, Tenn. states that â€Å"if doctors are committed to keeping patients from having strokes or heart attacks, then this conversation cannot be avoided, and they have to help their patients lose weight. † Bestermann has developed a plan for doctors to help guide and successfully treat obese patients on a committee for the Stop Obesity/Alliances, which consist of professional businesses, healthcare providers, unions and insurers whose sole purpose is to strategize an attack on obesity. Doctors have joined the fight against obesity, in an effort to win the war on obesity.Medical advisors suggest that primary care doctors launch a well-developed attack against obesity, in order to expand their patient’s lifespan due to the fact that it decreases their quality of life and also accounts for billions of dollars in health expenses. The most common reason for the excessive increase in health expenses ; there are about seventy-two million peoples in the United States who are obese, which enhances an evolution of chronic health conditions associated with obesity. If doctors and health insurance companies work together to discover an effective solution to eliminate obesity, this would save billions of nnocent lives. Preventive methods to help in the fight against obesity are inevitable due to the present circumstances. The Staff at the Mayo Clinic state that the purpose for obesity treatment is to help individuals reach and keep a healthy weight. A person seeking treatment should be monitored by health professionals, therapist, nutritionist, dietician, and an obesity specialist in an effort to maintain a healthier lifestyle. Obesity is a life threatening disease that causes other serious chronic diseases if not treated properly.Most peoples become obese by no fault of their own, due to psychological problems, lifelong illnesses and other distressful aspects in their life. My propos al based on my research is that President Obama, Congress and Healthcare Professionals should take a stand on this life threatening disease as soon as possible. The president can only do so much if Congress does not approve a bill. It is a tragic to see so many peoples in this world suffering and dying from any kind of disease that is in fact preventable. Obesity being one of them should be at the top of the list, because it is the main cause of all these other incurable diseases.If preventing or ridding the world of obesity is the key to optimal health, and expand a person’s lifespan. Why has Congress done something about it? Are doctors really concerned about their patients’ health? Some of our kids are even obese; obesity is a serious condition that most of us fell to realize. How can we say that, America is the land of the proud and the brave, if we as peoples of this great nation refuse to come together and take a stand on what is right? Obesity is an ongoing war that has hindered and defined our society far too long; it is time that we do something about this crisis, before it is too late.And our society becomes extinct. Peoples of this great land take a stand, in order to make a change we must come together. I am a firm believer in change, therefore by the will of God and myself, I will address President Obama and Congress on this issue to fight obesity starting today, because tomorrow is not promised to you or me. We have to live for today and help others in the process, who are unable to help themselves. I find this to be very disturbing that so many peoples in the world are obese. And nothing is being done about it. Society what has happened to us?Will we continue to sit back and do nothing? Even if Congress have to pass a bill for an effective method to fight obesity, than they should. For every man, woman and child that are diagnosed as obese, effective immediately they should be offered weight-loss surgery. Many in the past have died because they were obese; this is not something Congress does not know about. Some obese individuals reach out for help from their physicians; the answer to their consistent weight gain problem is to stop eating or exercise more. This is the solution to end obesity, not applicable.Are doctors failing to save lives? Do they offer the best health advice to patients? I have to admit a doctor’s job seems a little overwhelming, with the enormous amount of patients that they see and treat daily, but if you cannot trust your own doctor in regards to your health issues, who can you trust. If doctors know of any cures to save millions of life’s yearly. Are they entitled to share their findings with patients? References Greene, C. , & Hellmich, N. (2009, October 06). Doctors join fight against obesity- USATODAY. com.News, Travel, Weather, Entertainment, Sports, Technology, U. S & World-USATODAY. com. Retrieved June 15, 2011, from http://www. usatoday. com/news/health/weightloss/ 2009-10-06-doctors-obesity_N. htm Staff, M. C. (2011, May 06). Obesity: Treatments and drugs-MayoClinic. com. Mayo Clinic. June 13, 2011, from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION-treatments-and-drugs Reeves, R. (2005) Working Together to Fight Obesity. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(5), 13-13. doi:10. 1016/j. jada. 2005. 03. 018

Death Penalty Mush Be Abolish in the United States

The death penalty must be abolished in the United States. Outline I. Death penalty must be abolished world A. Death penalty is the sentence of death for a person convicted of a capital offence, is currently used in 58 countries around the world, and is also legal sentence in 33  states. (Harrison, Tamony P2) B. Abolished to end the observance or effect. (www. merriam-webster. com) C. Preview 1. Background information of death penalty 2. Arguments between death penalty and human rights 3. Death penalty mistakes 4. Government financial burden of death penalty. 5. All I Can See proofII. Background information of death penalty A. History of death penalty B. Current debates on death penalty III. Arguments between death penalty and human rights A. The human rights organization opposes death penalty because of the inhumanity of this punishment 1. Human rights omissions 2. Moral issue B. The death penalty deprives criminal’s human of rights. The death penalty is against religionâ₠¬â„¢s principle of Buddhism. IV. The mistakes of the death penalty Death penalty cause innocent people after the execution. B. Unfairness of death penalty. 1. Race bias in the death penalty . Gender discrimination in the death penalty V. Government financial burden on the death penalty A. The death penalty costs are larger Government pays for the bill of execution of death penalty VI. All I can see part Brown land is a dead land; it referred to the influence of death penalty. VII. Death penalty must be forbidden in the world The death penalty must be abolished in the United States. â€Å"The death penalty, the sentence of death for a person convicted of a capital offence, is currently used in 58 countries around the world, and is also legal sentence in 33  states. Harrison, Tamony. P. 2)  Ã‚  One hundred and thirty nine countries in the world have abolished the death penalty under their systems of law. Clearly, the majority of the world already understands that the death penalt y must be abolished. This paper will prove the necessity of abolishing the death penalty. For the purpose of this paper, death penalty is defined in accordance with Harrison and Tamony. Abolish is defined as the end to the observance or effect of something (www. merriam-webster. com).Three main arguments will be put forward: the fact that the death penalty violates human rights, un-reversible errors have been and can be made in assigning the death penalty, and finally that it is a financial burden on the governments who still adhere to it. A literary proof based on the novel  All I Can See  will also be put forth to strengthen the case against the death penalty. In the seventeenth century, the death penalty was the major punishment to sentence criminals who committed capital crimes. In seventeen century, England government was authorized to hang criminals in public as a major punishment.However, the truth is the death penalty was not only used for the person who broke the law, i t was also used to eliminate political opponents. In Europe, before the modern prison system completed, the death penalty was used to sentence general criminals. During the time of Henry VIII, over 72,000 people are estimated to have been executed. During the year 1820 in Britain, about 160 crimes were punished by death, including crimes such as shoplifting, petty theft, stealing cattle, or cutting down trees in public place. ( Bedau.Hugo Adam, 3) Since World War II, the world set off a wave of abolishing the death penalty. According to information published by Amnesty International, 97 countries had abolished capital punishment altogether, 8 had done so for all offences except under special circumstances, and 36 had not used it for at least 10 years or were under a moratorium. The other 57 retained the death penalty in active use. (Amnesty International, 10 June 2008. ) However, death penalty was always not use in heinous crimes. (See Table 1, Bedau.Hugo Adam, 7) Table 1: Capital c rime in the united states, by execution and number of jurisdiction, 1965 Type of offense| number of jurisdiction| Executions carried out between 1930 and 1965| Capitally punishable homicide| 44| Yes| Murder| 40| Yes| Other homicide| 20| Yes| kidnapping| 34| Yes| Treason| 21| No| Rape| 19| Yes| Carnal knowledge| 15| No| Armed robbery| 10| Yes| Perjury in a capital case| 10| No| Bombing| 7| No| Assault by a life-term prisoner| 5| Yes| Burglary| 4| Yes| Arson| 4| No| Train wrecking| 2| No| Train robbery| 2| No| Espionage| 2| Yes| Bank robbery | 2| Yes|Sabotage| 1| Yes| Desertion in wartime| 1| Yes| Other| 14| No| *source: Bedau 1982:9 From the table, it is clear that some non-homicide crimes still can be sentence to dead, such as assault by a life-term prisoner or bank robbery. On the contrary, other dangerous crimes are not to be used in the death penalty field, such as bombing and arson. In 1972, at the time of Supreme Court’s Furman, the majority of public tends to agree with the death penalty. The major reason for support of the death penalty was the serious violent offenders need to be executed in the interest of public safety.However, according to a Gallup poll, supporter for the death penalty dropped from 76 to 53, public started to against the death penalty. Since then, the world has the trend toward of abolishing the death penalty. The right to life is the most basic right for human beings. â€Å"The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights1 (ICCPR) prohibits the use of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment to deprived criminal liberty, which is referred to the death penalty. (Mukherjee Amrita, 2) In the past, hanging was the common method of capital punishment.Other methods including, crucifixion, drowning, beating and burning. Now, even lethal injection is the capital punishment, but prisoners may have experienced torturous pain during their executions. In the United States, New Jersey is the only st ates that allows public to watch the whole process. In the thirty-six states, â€Å"the same three-drug sequence for lethal injections: sodium thiopental to render the condemned inmate unconscious; pancuronium bromide to paralyze the condemned inmate’s voluntary muscles; and potassium chloride to rapidly induce cardiac arrest and cause death. (Fellner, J and Tofte, 23) However, according to Hyman Rights Watch research, this three-sequence puts prisoners at a high risk situation if the drugs does not affect. Yet to change the drugs sequence, government still chooses the old method by follow the policy. Moreover, inmates placed and unusual circumstances (death penalty diminishes the humanity of everyone it touches. ) and death row inmates will cause criminal’s mental illness and mental disabilities. Similarly, the European Convention on Human (ECHR) also claims that â€Å"no one shall be subjected to torture or other inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment. (Mukh erjee Amrita, 5) Moreover, unusual circumstances and mental pressure may lead to innocent people committed made-up crime. Moreover, the state of Michigan was the one of the earliest governments in the world to abolish the death penalty in 1846. But still, there is a hot debate about if law says kill people is a crime, but government still using the death penalty to sentence criminals, it is also seen as a broken law behavior. The death penalty is a serious moral error. The two points approach to the death penalty morality are consequentialist and deontological.The consequentialist theory believes that the death penalty accord with the human moral principles because it prevent potential murder. Sometimes, the government uses â€Å"aggregate welfare† as an excuse to using the death penalty. The welfare is using death penalty to deter potential criminals in order to achieve the purpose for reducing crime. At the same time, no one can guarantee that government follows the â€Å" aggregate welfare† rule to using capital punishment. â€Å"The government authorizes its agents to inflict capital punishment, but does not authorize private parties to murder; indeed it forbids murder. † (Sunstein, Cass R. and Adrian Vermeule. 13) This is an obvious moral contradiction between what government allows itself to do and what is disallows its citizens to do. The public regards the government action as a moral standard, the decision government made influences public opinion. On the other hand, the deontologist’s supporters believe that any killing is against moral principle. Life-life tradeoff is the key of the moral issue. This method is best way â€Å"to the extent that a refusal to impose capital punishment yields a significant increase in the number of deaths of innocent people† instead of risk-risk tradeoff. Sunstein, Cass R. , and Adrian Vermeule. 6) Authorize private parties to murder; indeed it forbids murder. A survey from Gallup about Values and Beliefs in American moral views of social issues shows that in 2012, only 58 people saying the death penalty is morally acceptable, and this number down from 65% compare with 2011. The dramatic drop shows that along with the society development, more and more people are tends to against death penalty. Another important survey exposes in 2010, this survey is about public opinion of whether put murders in the death penalty or stay in the prison for life.Less than half (49%) chose the death penalty, while 46% chose life without parole. (gallup. com) not everybody agrees abolished the death penalty, but from the statics, most citizens support to abolish the capital punishment. â€Å"For some such consequentialists, killings are, under ordinary, circumstances, a violation of rights, and this point is highly relevant to any judgment, about killings. † (Sunstein, Cass R. , and Adrian Vermeule. 15) The death penalty is a cruel punishment that should be abolish to accord w ith public opinion. The death penalty is against the moral principle of Buddhism.Considering that Buddhist take most of proportion of the world's population, especially in Asian nations. ( Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. 2) Compare to western religion, such as Christianity, the Buddhism focus on life meaning. The â€Å"Four Noble Truths† are the essential principle in Buddhism, first is† all life is characterized by suffering†; second, â€Å"ignorance, attachment, and anger cause human suffering†; third, the cause of suffering can be terminated; and the forth one is â€Å"suffering can be overcome through the â€Å"Noble Eightfold Path. These four rules is the basis of Buddhism morality, which decide what is good or bad. (Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. 4-6). For the death penalty, the death row is obvious unacceptable for the Buddhist. Even death penalty been use to punish criminals, but before the execution, the longtime death ro w will cause criminals mental illness. In Buddhism principle, all the creatures are have life, and needs to be respect, the memory and imagination makes people different from animals. (Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. ) The Buddhist follows up the rules of do not killing while the government sentence prisoners to death. Buddhism monks avoid to use violence, but in death penalty, even drowning, hanging was exist in the past, but the death row and metal torture still counts as violence. â€Å"Buddhist doctrines hold nonviolence and compassion for all life in high regard(Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. 13) Because the death penalty disrespect life value, abolishing is necessary. Since the justice system is not mistake-free, so an error will leads to an innocent person being executed.Based on Michael J Berwanger article, â€Å"Death Is Different: Actual Innocence and Categorical Exclusion Claims under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act,†Ã‚   there are two types of innocence: â€Å"one claiming actual innocence of the underlying offense, and the other claiming innocence of the penalty. (Berwanger Michael J  Page 3) However, both types of innocent people can be sentenced in death. A study from Columbia University, release by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Professor James Liebman says that â€Å"thousands of capital sentences that had been reviewed by courts in 34 states from 1973 to 1995.    There is a clear sign to show that justice system still have many mistakes. No one can guarantee the absolute justice. Moreover, Liebman also mentions that â€Å"†An astonishing 82 percent of death row inmates did not deserve to receive the death penalty,†Ã¢â‚¬  At last, he concludes that â€Å"‘One in twenty death row inmates are later found not guilty. ’† (ACLU. org) From the statics, it is clear there is no way to revise the death penalty mistake. Also, a survey from American Civi l Liberties Union shows that until February 2004, 113 inmates had been found innocent and released from death row. ACLU. org)  More than half of these have been released in the last 10 years. That means one person has been exonerated for every eight people executed. Yet for others who do not have a chance to release from death row are being executed. There have been over 1,000 people executed since 1976 also innocent. Hence, there is a list from a project of the University of the Michigan Law School and the Center on Wrongful Convictions at Northwestern University School of Law about known exonerations in the United States ? to support that the death penalty must be abolished.The death penalty is racist and gender bias According to an article â€Å"Racial Discrimination in the Administration of the Death Penalty: The Experience of the United States Armed Forces (1984-2005),† the race bias in the death penalty directly impeded justice. As we know, racial discrimination is a historical issue since the 19th century, which year is the blooming period of slave trade. Hundreds of years later, the discrimination between different races still exists. A report released by the New Jersey Supreme Court  in 2001 mentions that the death penalty possible use as a primary punishment for crime murder a white victim.The report proves that the race influences the judicial fairness; the race cannot determine the crime. Furthermore, a survey from The U. S. Department of Justice (DOJ) says â€Å"Of the 18 prisoners currently on federal death row, 16 are either African-American, Hispanic or Asian. † The color of one’s skin determined the severity of the punishment. Ironically, 84% of victims in death penalty cases are white, although only 50% of murder victims are white. (ACLU. org)   It is ridiculous and unacceptable that the color of a defendant has great influence on  decision who receiving the death penalty.Besides that, the death penalty is also as sociated with gender discrimination. The female victim cases more likely leads defendant to sentence death than the male victim cases. (Marian Williams R, Demuth Stephen and Holcomb Jefferson E. 3) Although the society advocates gender equality, the current justice system clearly violates this principle. Moreover, another debate between female and male is â€Å"female homicide victims may be perceived as engaging in less disreputable or contributing conduct associated with their own victimization compared with male victims. † Marian Williams R, Demuth Stephen and Holcomb Jefferson E. ) Race and gender play significant roles in today’s judicial system instead of laws; it is inevitable that the country abolish the death penalty. The death penalty is a financial burden on the government. Before the defendant is sentenced to death, there are many appears and re-trails. Generally, even the little mistake will raise the outcome. In the article â€Å"Minority Practice, Major ity's Burden: The Death Penalty Today†, there is a static to shows that death cases may spend more money than expected, and the figure could be as high as 78%. (Liebman, James S. ; Clarke, Peter.Page 51 ) Moreover, the death penalty costs a significant more amount of money than keeping criminals life in prison without parole. A research from California says that â€Å"California taxpayers pay at least $117 million each year at the post-conviction level seeking execution of people currently on death row, or $175,000 per inmate per year. † (Minsker Natasha 3) These statics shows how expensive to execute criminals instead of keep them in prison for life. On the other hand, the costs of general prison is $59 million a year, it is much cheap compare with the costs of death penalty.In addition to that, â€Å"everyone involved in a death penalty case must be specially ‘qualified’ as capable and experienced, including the defense attorney, the judge and the jury. † (Minsker Natasha. 7) Which means the government must spend a large amount of money to hire qualified person to inspect every death penalty cases. In fact, a research from federal system reveals that â€Å"prosecution costs were 67 percent higher than defense costs in death penalty cases. The same study found that defense costs in death penalty cases were four times higher than in non-death penalty cases. † (Minsker Natasha. ) The government should use the higher cost of the death penalty money on other programs of public safety. In the novel  All I Can See, there are some literary proof to support that death penalty must be abolished. In brown land, the brown butterfly was sparkly sentenced to death but he was innocence, and the brown land was a death row. When the beautiful fragile butterfly came, and told the brown butterfly the scenery of green land, actually she offers hope, which like reprieve to the brown butterfly, but he refuse to took it because he thought the chance that can be removed from death row is very small. Don’t be silly, flowers can’t be red, all the flowers are blue. I have seen some of my land is green too, but positively flowers can only be blue. † (Bloom. 10) Similarly, the beautiful butterfly’s strong shadow can be seen as convicted crime, so the fish ask her to come down that she can get a reprieve. â€Å"A shadow†¦and that is not good at all†¦You must know, little one, it is not good to break the flow, and especially not by creating strong shadow. † (Bloom. 26) from those two scenarios, it is clear that the capital punishment will threaten innocent people to accept plea bargaining to avoid death.Moreover, the world of green land is flourishing because there is no death penalty, so the beautiful fragile butterfly has the rainbow color bespeckled wings, and the bee also live in the green land. In the contrast, the brown land is a dead land, just the brown butterfly live there and he does not want to leave this land under death penalty pressure. â€Å"Yes, I am from this land, but no, I have not traveled beyond my land, and here I see only me. † The death penalty caused great mental damages to criminals, and leads decay of the society. From the material shown, it is obvious that the death penalty must be abolished.The inhuman execution method is a cruel torture that deprives criminals of their basic human rights. There is no way to reverse existing injustices which have led directly to the death of innocent people, and such mistakes prove that the death penalty must be abolished. Moreover, race bias and gender discrimination still exists today. Furthermore, keeping inmates on death row costs a larger amount of money in government finance, so abolishing the death penalty is the most efficient way to help government to unload this financial burden.In addition to that, from analyzing the book All I Can See, we can clearly see that the pressure the de ath penalty caused innocent people death by analysis the journey of butterfly cross the ocean. In order to preserve the people's human rights and maintain the stability of the country, the death penalty must be abolished. Abolishing the death penalty is the only way to ensure justice and control criminal costs. Citation 1. Bedau. Hugo Adam. â€Å"The Death Penalty in America: Current Controversies. † Oxford University Press 1997. google book search. June 24 2012.June 24, 2012 2. Mukherjee, Amrita. â€Å"The Death Penalty as Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment. † Criminal justice. Journal of Criminal Law, Dec2004, Vol. 68 Issue 6, p507-519, 13p. The ICCPR as a ‘Living Instrument': June 24, 2012 3. Fellner, J, and Tofte, S. â€Å"So long as they die: Lethal injections in the United States. † 2006, 65p.Criminal justice. June 24, 2012 4. Sunstein, Cass R, and Adrian Vermeule. â€Å"Is capital punishment morally required? † Acts, omissions, and lif e-life tradeoffs. †Ã‚  Stanford Law Review  Dec. 2005: 703+. Criminal Justice Collection. Web. 10 July 2012 5. Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Wang Hsiao-Ming. â€Å"Mercy and Punishment: Buddhism and the Death Penalty. †Ã‚  Social Justice  28. 1 (2001): 231. Criminal Justice Collection. Web. 10 July 2012. < http://web. ebscohost. com. rlib. pace. edu/ehost/detail? sid=b1ef5f32-9e10-4cae-b8a9-ab941ce370e8%40sessionmgr112&vid=1&hid=125&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=cja&AN=5376332 > 6. Berwanger, Michael J. â€Å"Death Is Different: Actual Innocence and Categorical Exclusion Claims Under The Antiterrorism And Effective Death Penalty Act.   New England Journal On Criminal ; Civil Confinement  38. 2 (2012): 307-337. Criminal Justice Abstracts. Web. 10 July 2012. ( http://web. ebscohost. com. rlib. pace. edu/ehost/detail? sid=606d7b0d-5e02-4b278512310e443c2da9%40sessionmgr115;vid=1;hid=127;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=cja;AN=77479856) *h ttp://www. law. umich. edu/special/exoneration/Pages/browse. aspx 7. Newell Richard, et al. â€Å"Racial Discrimination in The Administration Of The Death Penalty: The Experience Of The United States Armed Forces (1984-2005). â€Å"Journal Of Criminal Law ; Criminology  101. (2011): 1227-1335. Criminal Justice Abstracts. Web. 10 July 2012. ( http://web. ebscohost. com. rlib. pace. edu/ehost/detail? sid=80aef264-f53f-4c62-8534-fd4b54d079f8%40sessionmgr112;vid=1;hid=127;bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=cja;AN=73365192) 8. Marian Williams R, Demuth Stephen and Holcomb Jefferson E. â€Å"Understanding the Influence of Victim Gender in Death Penalty Cases: The Importance of Victim Race, Sex-Related Victimization, and Jury Decision Making. †Ã‚  Criminology  45. 4 (2007): 865-891. Criminal Justice Abstracts. Web. 10 July 2012.

Research of an Innovative Hardware Object Essays

Research of an Innovative Hardware Object Essays Research of an Innovative Hardware Object Essay Research of an Innovative Hardware Object Essay After you create your object using your computer assisted software or CAD, he digital AD model is saved as a SST file and sent to the printer. Before you start printing anything you have to add a select amount of the material that you have decided to use (plaster, ballistic, polyurethane, polyester, epoxy, metal etc. ). Then the printer prints out your object on a bed and youre finished. There is another method that you can use to AD print your desired object, this method is called fused deposition modeling or FED. In this method molten polymer is sprayed onto a support layer and the object is built layer by layer until complete. What companies manufacture AD printers? The market for AD printers Is beginning to grow. There are many companies that specialize In producing and selling AD printers but for this assignment Im going to focus on the following. Some of the companies that manufacture industrial AD printers are; Object Geometries founded in 1998, Z Corporation founded in 1994, Strategy founded in 1988, disesteems founded in 1986. Some of the companies that manufacture AD printers for home use are; Makeover Industries founded in 2009, Ultimate founded in 2011, and Potboil founded by disesteems. What are the models that are made by various companies? Models made by: Z Corporation: The Project 3510 SD produces high quality parts perfect for engineering and mechanical design applications. Strategy: The Forts mace system builds durable and accurate parts as large as 914 x 610 x mm. It also has 11 different material options suitable for anything from bulging fixtures and factory tooling to end-use parts and even functional prototypes. disesteems: The Cube X Duo is one of the best and most popular desktop/personal ad printers with the ability to print and object as big as a basketball! Makeover: The Makeover Replicated ZOO is so advanced that you can create and print two objects at the same time. App and cloud enabled so you can connect with wife and USB with no problems at all. Ultimate: The ultimate 2 has the industry leading print to size ratio. It has the smallest footprint and highest build volume among all desktop AD printers. Also, it is an open filament system meaning that the cost of material is very low compared to other ad printers because you can use any filament you choose. Potboil: The Cube X has an advanced settings option that allows you to specialized and personalized the way you print In 8 different colors! Also, It Includes Its own printing sof tware. Strengths of this component Include: Cheap Manufacturing: AD printing is increasingly being used by large companies sun as converse or Ales to replace some AT tenet normal maturating meet This is achieved through lower shipping and packaging costs from overseas parts suppliers, less human work and cheaper and reliable materials. Quicker Production: The speed of AD printing compared to ordering parts from different suppliers all over the world is like comparing the speed of a turtle and the speed of a race car. Why old you want to wait weeks or maybe months for parts to arrive when you could have the entire object built right in front of you in a couple of hours. Also if you dont like the design you have created, you can Just start from scratch or mould your design into something different using the computer program used to print. New Shapes and Structures: Regular manufacturing methods rely on moulds and cutting technologies to make a limited number of shapes but AD printing changes this altogether. The AD printers spray tool can build an infinite number of complex figures limited only by human imagination. Combinations of New Materials: Before AD printing, mixing different raw materials wasnt possible due to their physical and chemical properties but people believe that ad printings potential has not been reached yet so many companies now offer tens of different materials with different finishes giving the look and feel of metal, ceramic or glass with different strengths and melting temperatures. Weaknesses of this component: AD printers use up a large amount of energy even when printing something the size of a necklace. When melting plastic and other materials with heat or lasers, AD printers use up to 50-100 times more electrical energy that injection molding to make n item of the same weight and size meaning that when it comes to industrial AD printing, the time you save might not be worth the money your spending on electric or production fees. One of the materials mostly used in AD printing is plastic. Possibly the biggest environmental movements in recent history has been to reduce the use of plastics, the most popular and cheapest AD printers use plastic filament and wires to print objects. If AD printing starts to become more industrialized then excess plastic from either print beds or scraped projects that werent used needs to e recyclable or biodegradable but until then, AD printing will become a wasteful way of creating parts or any objects. There are many things you can print with a AD printer for example; a toy for small children or a wheel for a bus or bicycle, the problem is you could also print out a gun or weapon of some sort and that could be illegal in the country that you created it. The printer itself is not going to not allow you to print out a weapon because it doesnt know the difference. There is also going to be an issue with printing out counterfeit products. To print an object, all you need s the software the model was created on and the actual file itself. You can also print out credit cards and I. Dos as well as copies of other private belongings. How much does a AD printer cost? There are 3 main types of AD printers, these types include; personal, professional and industrial. Personal AD printers are plainly and simply used for small projects that you can create such as, toys, miniature structures and tools. Professional AD printers are uses In large commercial Dulling Ana companies; teen use ten printers for parts that need to be made with specific detail because shipping from other entries around the world is too expensive. Industrial AD printers are used for creating objects and parts to be sold and manufactured to other large companies, usually for more value.

Acqusitions and Mergers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Acqusitions and Mergers - Research Paper Example Two such companies chosen are Piedmont Healthcare and Saint Joseph's Health System based in Atlanta that have formed a corporate alliance with each other. Another company in the same healthcare industry that does not have a global presence outside USA and also no history of any corporate merger is The American Amputee Foundation, Inc. (AAF) that is a NGO run company in USA. Company details in brief Piedmont Health Care Piedmont Hospital is health care unit established in 2002 in Buckhead area, Atlanta. Physicians and other members of the hospital have come from all across the globe to provide the best facilities in health care possible. The hospital has above 80 physicians who offer a diverse range of medical services. With above 20 specialist doctors and primary care functions, its patients get access to many systems of medical care. With their x-ray, CT scan, MRI facility, ultrasound as well as in-house laboratories, the patients get the option to receive medical tests and their re lated procedures close to their home. Piedmont Healthcare and its workers and physicians had raised over $32,000 for supporting the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society in the Light the Night Walk programme in 2011 at Centennial Olympic Park on November 5, 2011 (PIEDMONT profiles, 2011, p.10). In terms of its global presence, Piedmont health care has collaborated with MedShare to provide health care stuffs to the people in developing countries. It had provided 4,334 pounds of medical goods to MedShare (Piedmont Physicians Group, 2012). MedShare is a reputed nonprofit organization which is dedicated towards improving the healthcare in developing countries by distributing surplus medical supplies and equipments to the impoverished healthcare facilities. Saint Joseph's Health System The hospital provides diverse range of medical care from its facilities that includes 14 emergency care hospitals, home health units, hospital care, its outpatient services, skilled nurses and their facilities, its community clinics, and the physician organizations. The hospital operates mostly in South California, North California and Texas. The St. Joseph Health is one of the founding members of the Center for Healthcare Reform. The Center worked with several groups and individuals to fulfill deep, systemic improvements in the area of its cost, its medical care quality and the access to the U.S health care (St. Joseph Health, 2012). American Amputee Foundation, Inc. (AAF) The American Amputee Foundation, Inc. (AAF) was founded in 1975 as a form of national information clearing house and a referral center that used to treat the amputees, the families, and their care providers. The foundation researches and then gathers information on different aspects of amputation that include conducting studies, on product information, the available services, its self-help journals and many of its articles regarding amputation and their related conditions. The American Amputee Foundation, Inc. also started to offer Life Care Planning Services in 1978 that provided for Wheelchair/Mobility Equipment along with the Maintenance Needs, the Projected Therapies that included physical as well as occupational therapies, mental counseling, Orthotics and Prosthetics and many more. As a nonprofit organization that provide utilities mainly for  the amputees as well as their families and also secondarily the people with spinal cord injury, the organization has limited their life care services for these clients (The American Amputee Foundation, Inc, 2009). Piedmont Healthcare merger with Saint Joseph's Health System – a good business decision In 2010, Saint Joseph’s Health System and Piedmont Healthca

ECT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECT - Assignment Example These attacks interrupt a message between two segments of a system by inserting themselves as malicious actors who then impersonates both parties to gain access to information that the two parties are exchanging (Strebe 25). Prevention from MITM attacks include using PKI or public Key Infrastructure, reinforced mutual authentication like secret keys, second channel authentication, and reinforced encryption. Involves ensuring that one’s computer is protected against possibly lethal materials or suspicious software obtained online. Browser security is obtained through simple security tips like deletion of spam, use of password, using firewall, and only opening email attachments deemed safe. DLP is crucial way of protecting susceptible information or data via messaging, endpoints, and web gateways. Effective implementation of DLP involves proactive identification, tracking, and securing sensitive organizational data from all vulnerable points within the organization with little or no effect on employees’ routine and output. I would apply snort in my organization but only on condition that the primary organizational antivirus as a threat or untrusted programs does not perceive it (Strebe 136). The advantage is that all employees will have their computers protected from intrusion on real time basis. Additionally, the administrator can use the traffic analysis and packet logs to trace any intrusion issues on each user’s computer. SYN flood presents attacks that deny services by dominating immense server resources of host thereby preventing the system from being responsive to genuine interchange. Prevention techniques include firewalls and proxies, filtering, SYN cache and cookies, and elevated backlog amongst others. WiMax or Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access is a convention for communication using set wireless networks with data transfer of up to 49 Mb/s. In data terminals and