The History of LCD Technology

An LCD or liquid crystal display is a type of flat panel display commonly used in digital devices, for example, digital clocks, appliance displays, and portable computers. How an LCD Works Liquid crystals are liquid chemicals whose molecules can be aligned precisely when subjected to electrical fields, much in the way metal shavings line up in the field of a magnet. When properly aligned, the liquid crystals allow light to pass through. A simple monochrome LCD display has two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution sandwiched between them. Electricity is applied to the solution and causes the crystals to align in patterns. Each crystal, therefore, is either opaque or transparent, forming the numbers or text that we can read.   History of Liquid Crystal Displays In 1888, liquid crystals were first discovered in cholesterol extracted from carrots by Austrian botanist and chemist, Friedrich Reinitzer. In 1962, RCA researcher Richard Williams generated stripe patterns in a thin layer of liquid crystal material by the application of a voltage. This effect is based on an electrohydrodynamic instability forming what is now called â€Å"Williams domains† inside the liquid crystal. According to the IEEE, Between 1964 and 1968, at the RCA David Sarnoff Research Center in Princeton, New Jersey, a team of engineers and scientists led by George Heilmeier with Louis Zanoni and Lucian Barton, devised a method for electronic control of light reflected from liquid crystals and demonstrated the first liquid crystal display. Their work launched a global industry that now produces millions of LCDs. Heilmeiers liquid crystal displays used what he called DSM or dynamic scattering method, wherein an electrical charge is applied which rearranges the molecules so that they scatter light. The DSM design worked poorly and proved to be too power hungry and was replaced by an improved version, which used the twisted nematic field effect of liquid crystals invented by James Fergason in 1969. James Fergason Inventor James Fergason holds some of the fundamental patents in liquid crystal displays filed in the early 1970s, including key US patent number 3,731,986 for Display Devices Utilizing Liquid Crystal Light Modulation In 1972, the International Liquid Crystal Company (ILIXCO) owned by James Fergason produced the first modern LCD watch based on James Fergasons patent.

Racism A Big Issue - 912 Words

A big issue (Racism) Many Americans say racism is a big problem, according to CNN. Racism is one of the World’s biggest issues today. There are a number of people who are racists and spreading racism around the world. There are also many people who are actually facing racism in this world. Racism is bad as it was before and it is still here in many people. Definitely, no one born racist, but his/her surroundings or cultures or environment make them racist person. There are plenty of people in America who are facing racism. While racism still a big problem in the United States, it can be decreased or reduced by making changes in the community, supporting or attending different cultures and learning about cultures. Firstly, Racism can be reduced or prevented by making some changes in the community. Additionally, â€Å"If you hear someone use racial slurs, make a racial joke, or mistreat people because of their race, step in say something.† If someone sees somebody being r acist with someone else in the community he/she should stop him/her immediately before something goes wrong. Furthermore, people should sit together and talk about racism and how can they prevent racism from their community or society before it spreads around the community and ruin their society for their entire life. Moreover, there are some organizations, that are trying to stop racism from this world. â€Å"Stand Against Racism is a signature campaign of YWCA USA to build community among those who workShow MoreRelatedRacism Against African Americans : Racism1575 Words   |  7 PagesRakis EWRC 3 4 February 2016 Racism against African Americans â€Å"I believe in human beings, and that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color.†-Malcom X. Is racism against the African American descent still a big issue in America? Racism against African Americans has been going on for quite some time and yes, it’s still a continuous problem. People believe it has settled down over time, but it’s still a major issue that we as Americans are trying to overcomeRead MoreRacism Is A Common Cause Of Racism1373 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is one of the world’s major issues as of today. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our work, schools or anywhere else where our social lives are happening. It is obvious that racism is bad as it was many decades ago, but it sure has not stayed away from all of us. Racism still exists and it is about time that people need to start thinking about ways to get a solution to this matter. There could be a debate that people were brough t into the world as a racist or notRead MoreRacial Discrimination : An American Civil Rights Activist942 Words   |  4 Pagesoften say, we have come a long way from the days of slavery, but in 2014, discrimination and inequality still saturates our society in modern ways. Though racism may be less blatant now in many cases, its existence is undeniable.† (Al Sharpton. BrainyQuote.com) Racial discrimination is a pessimistic reality that affects everyone in our society. Racism has destroyed and ended many lives but continues to happen due to this country being burdened by a racial blockade.. The legacy of discrimination continuesRead MoreRacism in Sports Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesRacism in Sports Racism is a belief that people of different races have different qualities and abilities, and that some races are inherently superior or in inferior. Racism in the form of discrimination persists in society. Racism in sports occurs in both team and individual sports around the world. Sports itself does not induce racism. Sports are meant to be a colorblind activity that adheres to the notion of fair play. Racism in sports is a problem which manifest around the world. It ledRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Robert Mulligan941 Words   |  4 Pageswhere racism was big, especially in the 1930’s. Atticus goes above and beyond to try and prove he was innocent. The end result was that Tom Robinson was guilty and was put in prison where he ended up dead. This film conveys and communicates a strong social issue of how racism often is more powerful than logic and reasoning due to fear. This film shows you how racism was a major issue especially in those times. This issue is still around today. Everyday you hear more and more news about racism. I believeRead MoreRacism : A World Without Racism1013 Words   |  5 Pagesis? 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Obamas presidential speech touches on racism and weather you support him or not some of the issues and facts that he pointed out are very real problems and issues in this world today. He brings up the Philadelphia conventionRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of America Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesTake a look around you. Imagine the world now, then again from fifty to a hundred and fifty years ago. Much has changed and much has stayed the same. Plenty of issues that were prevalent so long ago are still lingering around today such as racism, discrimination, white supremacy. We fight constant battles fighting these issues whether its educating others or defending ourselves from it. It was only one hundred and one years ago that we saw D.W. Griffiths Birth of a Nation hit the silver screens.Read MoreRacism And Its Impact On Society848 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is simply any form of discrimination towards skin color and a different race than your own. It can involve categorizing, insulting, abusing, and isolation. It is differing treatment of another human, but sadly it almost seems like it’s apart of human nature now. Racism can also be considered nature of competitiveness. We battle against each other because we simply want to outshine, and to group between ourselves to generate secure and solid support. Society classifies, not only with race,Read Moreâ€Å"The Plague Of Racism Is Insidious, Entering Into Our Minds1282 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The plague of racism is insidious, entering into our minds as smoothly and quietly and invisibly as floating airborne microbes enter into our bodies to find lifelong purchase in our bloodstreams.†(Maya Angelo 2005) Racism is a global issue that’s occurring all around the world however, almost half of Americans feel racism is a major problem. According Catherine E. Shoicet (2015), CNN journalist,’’ In a new nationwide poll conducted by CNN and the Kaiser Family Foundation, roughly half of Americans

National Constitution Center Free Essays

The Independence Hall is located in the exact place where the Declaration of Independence was signed. This building therefore is a reminder of that victorious day when at last America had decided to do away the yoke of Great Britain. History lessons says that it was also here that George Washington was appointed as the Commander of the Continental Army and it was also here that the design of the American Flag was agreed upon ( Perry 432). We will write a custom essay sample on National Constitution Center or any similar topic only for you Order Now To preserve the historic moments in American history through this Hall, the government had made the effort to maintain its appearance at it was then and to use the furnitures of that time. The importance that the Hall received seems to suggest that the fight for Independence was indeed something that should be done and that all were united to fight for it. And because of that, the Independence Day is very significant; a day of united heroism and nationalism. But this was not actually the case. The people back then had divided loyalties. Some of them (about 20 %), do not see the need for separation so that they do not want Independence from Britain and many others do not support the Americans or the British. It was not a united movement as it is being promoted by the Independence Hall. It was only a work of a third of American Patriots and political leaders who were brave enough and enthusiastic enough to fight for liberty from Britain (Perry 432). So it was really a fantasy to believe that Independence from Britain was a movement desired by all. But the importance given to the site carries the covert message that it was so. However, I greatly respect Independence Day myself and had great admiration for people who took part in it. Another issue that I would like to raise is the fact that America had neglected or forgotten that they were a nation who also bound another: the original inhabitants of the land. The Indians are the first settlers of America but the whites, who came from Europe, after a matter of time, thought that it was theirs. They deprived these people of their homeland and drive them to the mountains; the white made promises of which most they never keep. Now the Indians are claiming what was promised to them, their rights to certain lands, but their pleas went unheard. Moreover, they become a neglected and deprived people in America. How ironic then that America was freed by Great Britain but they never freed the real settlers whose hands they bound with a tight grip within the territory. If they demand for their rights as a separate nation, how much more should the natives demand for the rights of which they once owned? So when I look at the Independence Hall I can see there the pretense of the past. Just as they keep the appearance of the Hall as it once was, they keep the natives bound until today. The National Constitution Center The Constitution Center can also be found in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Aside from the historical artifacts that can be seen around the building, visitors in the museum are also entertained through watching theater presentation or participating in interactive exhibits. The topics of all these activities are centered on the history and place of the United States Constitution in the life of the American people. In the theater they present a show called Freedom Rising. In the presentation the visitors are informed of how the Constitution came to be. Moreover in the interactive exhibits one can see not surprisingly many historical artifacts connected to the story of the Constitution, especially the original documents that the founders or the signers used and the people who were involved in it. Also inside, one can see the preamble of the Constitution. The Center’s interesting activity is on the opportunity to have â€Å"talk backs† about issues that has been of great debate and has challenged the Constitution like the issue of death penalty. Moreover, they have the chance to decide a court case there as part of an interactive activity. But perhaps the most interesting activity there is that one may take a presidential oath of office (â€Å"The National Constitution 2008). I think this is also the very coolest feature there for perhaps most people would actually want to do that in real life! So what does the Center and all of its activities and features there are trying to say? It is pretty obvious that it is educating the visitors about the Constitution. That how people fought for it and how the Americans of the past go into great pains of debates to enact it. It therefore not only informs but also aims to instill respect for the Constitution. In a way it also aims to bring admiration for the Constitution or an admiration for democracy of which the Constitution stands for. It is a known fact of how much America took pride in their democracy which for them equates to respect of human rights and dignity and of course the ever elusive equality. But I really think that what this Center is really trying to do is to shape the mind to believe that we, individually, are perfectly democratic. The Constitution is democracy and the people who made the Constitution are therefore democratic. The Center encourages an admiration for the Constitution and as people who made them an admiration for ourselves. We are therefore led to believe that we are very democratic who exercises respect for the rights of others and upholds equality. This is of course an illusion. The federal system that the Constitution upholds was at first created not with thoughts of democracy but to keep the now frees states from trade wars and to hold the states together. Since they experience the tyranny of Britain they do not want it to happen to them so that they shared the power through the federal system. In a sense the Constitution was founded not at first with democracy (in modern sense) in mind. As proof, they still do not free the slaves by this time (Perry 433). The issue of racial discrimination has always been a big dilemma of our country and I believe that it is not yet resolved. Although the Constitution had successfully declared in its pages that no man should be discriminated by his color, discrimination still exist not in color but this time in subtle biases called color blind discrimination. For example, most would admit that it is not right to think that a certain person should be disqualified for an office by virtue of his color but they would comment that based on his background he may not be able to handle it. As before I realized that most Americans are not as democratic as the Constitution had been at first. The Gettysburg Museum The Gettysburg Museum is situated in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It is a museum that â€Å"brings history back to life. † What this museum is trying to revive is one of the dramatic moments of American history: the Civil War. The turning point of that war is the Battle of Gettysburg in July of 1863 that forecast the defeat of the South. If one visits the place he can see many life size figures and battle room exhibits representing a scene of that Battle. And of course the famous Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address can be seen in animation (American Civil War 2008). This site is a historical performance of the liberation of the South from slavery. Civil War is portrayed as giving liberty to those who are bound in slavery, particularly the Blacks. It was a war that strengthens the American reputation for love democracy and equality. The Gettysburg museum is a reminder of such a lofty ideal and tends to promote the idea that this is what the American people had in mind. But this was not the case. The people in the South who fought the North are also white. They are as American as the North were. As the North pushed for liberation from slavery; the South fought for its retention. The reason was economic, the liberation or emancipation from slavery would hurt the plantation business of the South. The Americans therefore was not so against slavery. They are more interested in their own economic gains so much so that they are willing to treat a man as a property. If plantations were a flourishing business in the North as the South, I wonder if all of the Northern States will support the emancipation. Works Cited Perry, Marvin. A World in History. New York: Houghton-Mifflin, Inc. , 1988. American Civil War Museum and Gift Center. 2008. Accessed December 15, 2008 http://www. gettysburgmuseum. com/. The National Constitution Center. 2008. Accessed December 15, 2008 http://constitutioncenter. org/ncc_visit_Sightseeing_Attractions. aspx How to cite National Constitution Center, Papers