The History of LCD Technology

An LCD or liquid crystal display is a type of flat panel display commonly used in digital devices, for example, digital clocks, appliance displays, and portable computers. How an LCD Works Liquid crystals are liquid chemicals whose molecules can be aligned precisely when subjected to electrical fields, much in the way metal shavings line up in the field of a magnet. When properly aligned, the liquid crystals allow light to pass through. A simple monochrome LCD display has two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution sandwiched between them. Electricity is applied to the solution and causes the crystals to align in patterns. Each crystal, therefore, is either opaque or transparent, forming the numbers or text that we can read.   History of Liquid Crystal Displays In 1888, liquid crystals were first discovered in cholesterol extracted from carrots by Austrian botanist and chemist, Friedrich Reinitzer. In 1962, RCA researcher Richard Williams generated stripe patterns in a thin layer of liquid crystal material by the application of a voltage. This effect is based on an electrohydrodynamic instability forming what is now called â€Å"Williams domains† inside the liquid crystal. According to the IEEE, Between 1964 and 1968, at the RCA David Sarnoff Research Center in Princeton, New Jersey, a team of engineers and scientists led by George Heilmeier with Louis Zanoni and Lucian Barton, devised a method for electronic control of light reflected from liquid crystals and demonstrated the first liquid crystal display. Their work launched a global industry that now produces millions of LCDs. Heilmeiers liquid crystal displays used what he called DSM or dynamic scattering method, wherein an electrical charge is applied which rearranges the molecules so that they scatter light. The DSM design worked poorly and proved to be too power hungry and was replaced by an improved version, which used the twisted nematic field effect of liquid crystals invented by James Fergason in 1969. James Fergason Inventor James Fergason holds some of the fundamental patents in liquid crystal displays filed in the early 1970s, including key US patent number 3,731,986 for Display Devices Utilizing Liquid Crystal Light Modulation In 1972, the International Liquid Crystal Company (ILIXCO) owned by James Fergason produced the first modern LCD watch based on James Fergasons patent.

Racism A Big Issue - 912 Words

A big issue (Racism) Many Americans say racism is a big problem, according to CNN. Racism is one of the World’s biggest issues today. There are a number of people who are racists and spreading racism around the world. There are also many people who are actually facing racism in this world. Racism is bad as it was before and it is still here in many people. Definitely, no one born racist, but his/her surroundings or cultures or environment make them racist person. There are plenty of people in America who are facing racism. While racism still a big problem in the United States, it can be decreased or reduced by making changes in the community, supporting or attending different cultures and learning about cultures. Firstly, Racism can be reduced or prevented by making some changes in the community. Additionally, â€Å"If you hear someone use racial slurs, make a racial joke, or mistreat people because of their race, step in say something.† If someone sees somebody being r acist with someone else in the community he/she should stop him/her immediately before something goes wrong. Furthermore, people should sit together and talk about racism and how can they prevent racism from their community or society before it spreads around the community and ruin their society for their entire life. Moreover, there are some organizations, that are trying to stop racism from this world. â€Å"Stand Against Racism is a signature campaign of YWCA USA to build community among those who workShow MoreRelatedRacism Against African Americans : Racism1575 Words   |  7 PagesRakis EWRC 3 4 February 2016 Racism against African Americans â€Å"I believe in human beings, and that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color.†-Malcom X. Is racism against the African American descent still a big issue in America? Racism against African Americans has been going on for quite some time and yes, it’s still a continuous problem. People believe it has settled down over time, but it’s still a major issue that we as Americans are trying to overcomeRead MoreRacism Is A Common Cause Of Racism1373 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is one of the world’s major issues as of today. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our work, schools or anywhere else where our social lives are happening. It is obvious that racism is bad as it was many decades ago, but it sure has not stayed away from all of us. Racism still exists and it is about time that people need to start thinking about ways to get a solution to this matter. There could be a debate that people were brough t into the world as a racist or notRead MoreRacial Discrimination : An American Civil Rights Activist942 Words   |  4 Pagesoften say, we have come a long way from the days of slavery, but in 2014, discrimination and inequality still saturates our society in modern ways. Though racism may be less blatant now in many cases, its existence is undeniable.† (Al Sharpton. BrainyQuote.com) Racial discrimination is a pessimistic reality that affects everyone in our society. Racism has destroyed and ended many lives but continues to happen due to this country being burdened by a racial blockade.. The legacy of discrimination continuesRead MoreRacism in Sports Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesRacism in Sports Racism is a belief that people of different races have different qualities and abilities, and that some races are inherently superior or in inferior. Racism in the form of discrimination persists in society. Racism in sports occurs in both team and individual sports around the world. Sports itself does not induce racism. Sports are meant to be a colorblind activity that adheres to the notion of fair play. Racism in sports is a problem which manifest around the world. It ledRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Robert Mulligan941 Words   |  4 Pageswhere racism was big, especially in the 1930’s. Atticus goes above and beyond to try and prove he was innocent. The end result was that Tom Robinson was guilty and was put in prison where he ended up dead. This film conveys and communicates a strong social issue of how racism often is more powerful than logic and reasoning due to fear. This film shows you how racism was a major issue especially in those times. This issue is still around today. Everyday you hear more and more news about racism. I believeRead MoreRacism : A World Without Racism1013 Words   |  5 Pagesis? If you ask from people, they would say something like â€Å"A world without conflicts or arguments’ and some people might say ‘’ A world where there is no crime and pollution† however nobody says ‘’ A world without racism â€Å". In the United States many Americans do not face racism. However, for many African Americans it is something they have to go through everyday. Immigrants who comes to USA from Africa will face difficulties in United States. People simply call them African Americans. HoweverRead MoreSpeech : Speech On Racism And Weather1106 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone makes their own assumptions on speeches. Race has always been an issues in the U.S. and it will always be, some never see an ending to racism because we don’t live in a perfect world and you can’t make someone believe something you believe because you think it’s right. Obamas presidential speech touches on racism and weather you support him or not some of the issues and facts that he pointed out are very real problems and issues in this world today. He brings up the Philadelphia conventionRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of America Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesTake a look around you. Imagine the world now, then again from fifty to a hundred and fifty years ago. Much has changed and much has stayed the same. Plenty of issues that were prevalent so long ago are still lingering around today such as racism, discrimination, white supremacy. We fight constant battles fighting these issues whether its educating others or defending ourselves from it. It was only one hundred and one years ago that we saw D.W. Griffiths Birth of a Nation hit the silver screens.Read MoreRacism And Its Impact On Society848 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is simply any form of discrimination towards skin color and a different race than your own. It can involve categorizing, insulting, abusing, and isolation. It is differing treatment of another human, but sadly it almost seems like it’s apart of human nature now. Racism can also be considered nature of competitiveness. We battle against each other because we simply want to outshine, and to group between ourselves to generate secure and solid support. Society classifies, not only with race,Read Moreâ€Å"The Plague Of Racism Is Insidious, Entering Into Our Minds1282 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The plague of racism is insidious, entering into our minds as smoothly and quietly and invisibly as floating airborne microbes enter into our bodies to find lifelong purchase in our bloodstreams.†(Maya Angelo 2005) Racism is a global issue that’s occurring all around the world however, almost half of Americans feel racism is a major problem. According Catherine E. Shoicet (2015), CNN journalist,’’ In a new nationwide poll conducted by CNN and the Kaiser Family Foundation, roughly half of Americans

National Constitution Center Free Essays

The Independence Hall is located in the exact place where the Declaration of Independence was signed. This building therefore is a reminder of that victorious day when at last America had decided to do away the yoke of Great Britain. History lessons says that it was also here that George Washington was appointed as the Commander of the Continental Army and it was also here that the design of the American Flag was agreed upon ( Perry 432). We will write a custom essay sample on National Constitution Center or any similar topic only for you Order Now To preserve the historic moments in American history through this Hall, the government had made the effort to maintain its appearance at it was then and to use the furnitures of that time. The importance that the Hall received seems to suggest that the fight for Independence was indeed something that should be done and that all were united to fight for it. And because of that, the Independence Day is very significant; a day of united heroism and nationalism. But this was not actually the case. The people back then had divided loyalties. Some of them (about 20 %), do not see the need for separation so that they do not want Independence from Britain and many others do not support the Americans or the British. It was not a united movement as it is being promoted by the Independence Hall. It was only a work of a third of American Patriots and political leaders who were brave enough and enthusiastic enough to fight for liberty from Britain (Perry 432). So it was really a fantasy to believe that Independence from Britain was a movement desired by all. But the importance given to the site carries the covert message that it was so. However, I greatly respect Independence Day myself and had great admiration for people who took part in it. Another issue that I would like to raise is the fact that America had neglected or forgotten that they were a nation who also bound another: the original inhabitants of the land. The Indians are the first settlers of America but the whites, who came from Europe, after a matter of time, thought that it was theirs. They deprived these people of their homeland and drive them to the mountains; the white made promises of which most they never keep. Now the Indians are claiming what was promised to them, their rights to certain lands, but their pleas went unheard. Moreover, they become a neglected and deprived people in America. How ironic then that America was freed by Great Britain but they never freed the real settlers whose hands they bound with a tight grip within the territory. If they demand for their rights as a separate nation, how much more should the natives demand for the rights of which they once owned? So when I look at the Independence Hall I can see there the pretense of the past. Just as they keep the appearance of the Hall as it once was, they keep the natives bound until today. The National Constitution Center The Constitution Center can also be found in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Aside from the historical artifacts that can be seen around the building, visitors in the museum are also entertained through watching theater presentation or participating in interactive exhibits. The topics of all these activities are centered on the history and place of the United States Constitution in the life of the American people. In the theater they present a show called Freedom Rising. In the presentation the visitors are informed of how the Constitution came to be. Moreover in the interactive exhibits one can see not surprisingly many historical artifacts connected to the story of the Constitution, especially the original documents that the founders or the signers used and the people who were involved in it. Also inside, one can see the preamble of the Constitution. The Center’s interesting activity is on the opportunity to have â€Å"talk backs† about issues that has been of great debate and has challenged the Constitution like the issue of death penalty. Moreover, they have the chance to decide a court case there as part of an interactive activity. But perhaps the most interesting activity there is that one may take a presidential oath of office (â€Å"The National Constitution 2008). I think this is also the very coolest feature there for perhaps most people would actually want to do that in real life! So what does the Center and all of its activities and features there are trying to say? It is pretty obvious that it is educating the visitors about the Constitution. That how people fought for it and how the Americans of the past go into great pains of debates to enact it. It therefore not only informs but also aims to instill respect for the Constitution. In a way it also aims to bring admiration for the Constitution or an admiration for democracy of which the Constitution stands for. It is a known fact of how much America took pride in their democracy which for them equates to respect of human rights and dignity and of course the ever elusive equality. But I really think that what this Center is really trying to do is to shape the mind to believe that we, individually, are perfectly democratic. The Constitution is democracy and the people who made the Constitution are therefore democratic. The Center encourages an admiration for the Constitution and as people who made them an admiration for ourselves. We are therefore led to believe that we are very democratic who exercises respect for the rights of others and upholds equality. This is of course an illusion. The federal system that the Constitution upholds was at first created not with thoughts of democracy but to keep the now frees states from trade wars and to hold the states together. Since they experience the tyranny of Britain they do not want it to happen to them so that they shared the power through the federal system. In a sense the Constitution was founded not at first with democracy (in modern sense) in mind. As proof, they still do not free the slaves by this time (Perry 433). The issue of racial discrimination has always been a big dilemma of our country and I believe that it is not yet resolved. Although the Constitution had successfully declared in its pages that no man should be discriminated by his color, discrimination still exist not in color but this time in subtle biases called color blind discrimination. For example, most would admit that it is not right to think that a certain person should be disqualified for an office by virtue of his color but they would comment that based on his background he may not be able to handle it. As before I realized that most Americans are not as democratic as the Constitution had been at first. The Gettysburg Museum The Gettysburg Museum is situated in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It is a museum that â€Å"brings history back to life. † What this museum is trying to revive is one of the dramatic moments of American history: the Civil War. The turning point of that war is the Battle of Gettysburg in July of 1863 that forecast the defeat of the South. If one visits the place he can see many life size figures and battle room exhibits representing a scene of that Battle. And of course the famous Abraham Lincoln Gettysburg Address can be seen in animation (American Civil War 2008). This site is a historical performance of the liberation of the South from slavery. Civil War is portrayed as giving liberty to those who are bound in slavery, particularly the Blacks. It was a war that strengthens the American reputation for love democracy and equality. The Gettysburg museum is a reminder of such a lofty ideal and tends to promote the idea that this is what the American people had in mind. But this was not the case. The people in the South who fought the North are also white. They are as American as the North were. As the North pushed for liberation from slavery; the South fought for its retention. The reason was economic, the liberation or emancipation from slavery would hurt the plantation business of the South. The Americans therefore was not so against slavery. They are more interested in their own economic gains so much so that they are willing to treat a man as a property. If plantations were a flourishing business in the North as the South, I wonder if all of the Northern States will support the emancipation. Works Cited Perry, Marvin. A World in History. New York: Houghton-Mifflin, Inc. , 1988. American Civil War Museum and Gift Center. 2008. Accessed December 15, 2008 http://www. gettysburgmuseum. com/. The National Constitution Center. 2008. Accessed December 15, 2008 http://constitutioncenter. org/ncc_visit_Sightseeing_Attractions. aspx How to cite National Constitution Center, Papers

student Essays (1497 words) - National Health Service, Nursing, GROW

On Caring The metaphor of caring is the cautiously attentiveness carefulness of mindfulness of supervising of strangers. The metaphor of caring if the trust, professional, mutual respect, caring, partnership the giving of self to others to regain their trust for us to do our duty as a registered nurse to provide for our own survival while hoping to get a flow of a great amount of people at risk of their survival for us not to be sent home for not being busy with, dying, sick, patients is to truly give us a chance to show ?On Caring? In The book states page 12 second paragraph ?The remarks about the growth of a person which follow are rather general; on a more concrete level there would be differences depending on whether we referred specifically to the growth of a child to maturity, the growth of an immature adult to maturity, or the growth of a mature adult. But that would lead us to have and be ourselves of what nursing school has done for us other than that we would be sole individuals showing our individualism of going through nursing of being sleep deprived, altered mental status, ineffective coping through two years of training to absorbed and add to our growth ?of an immature nursing adult to a mature? to a ?MATURE AND NURSING ADULT? .The inimical expectation of the? nursing school farm? (as in a barricade of sheep?s),because we want to remain individual. But the classroom will teach us a language in common. But the classroom will teach us a method that implicates us with each other in the way we would ca re for our lack of taking care of our health or own primitive life to the lack of fidelity to our distressed counter transference showing patients..But we all will be recognized that we belong to certain creativity the function of or to be a Nurse a ?Registered Nurse.? Some points in the book touched me page 11second paragraph ?The father who goes for the doctor in the middle of the night for his sick child does not experience this as a burden; he is simply caring for the child?. The father is simply caring for his child indeed. The child not knowing what the father had to do to help the child the extra hours of work the danger of being out at night, etc. To be me or a fellow nursing student is to risk of it all on to caring for starngers who might have a disease or even worst to impact us in the life we thought we had a good grip of. In to thinking one would cry when they see a sad movie to only cry. In contrast to when you HEAR a true story you cry even more or hold on to it more that will make an impact on you or will store it in your sub consciousness and repress it until it comes out and you experience burn out and risk of losing your license as a nurse a ?Registered Nurse? because as your first year of nursing school you answered a question o n the final test wrong the definition of compassion. It states on the book page 19?I must understand the others needs and I must be able to respond properly to them, and clearly good intention do not guarantee this?. I can compare it to my first year of nursing at Olive Harvey College I did understand ?The others needs, a particular person? and I did respond properly to them and ?Clearly good intentions do not this?. I laff and would think otherwise. I started my second year of nursing without her my love my life my energy my so called all my girlfriend of 5 long years. It states on the book .To care for someone, I must know many things. I must know for example who the other is what his powers and limitations are, what his needs are and what is conductive of his growth? I DID! I passed my first year I fulfilled my duty to it balancing work, my dream of becoming a Registered Nurse and juggling with my unsuporting girlfriend while holding on my fading

Visual Impairment Essays - RTT, Vision, Ophthalmology, Visual System

Visual Impairment Essays - RTT, Vision, Ophthalmology, Visual System Visual Impairment Vision Impairments People catergorized as visually impaired range from individuals with mild visual losses to those with low vision to those who are totally blind (Winzer,370). Vision impairments does not necessarily mean a total loss of sight. Some visually impaired person can detect light, others can see shapes and forms, and others can see nothing at all. Generally, many different problems that interfere the retina to form image or the transmission of retinal images to the brain can cause blindness or vision impairment. It can be heredity or caused by disease or damage after birth. In some cases a specific reason cannot be determined. There are four major types of vision impairments. The first type are refractive errors. It is cause by the change of shape or size of the eyeball, conera or the lens. Myopia (short-sighted) and hyperopia (long-sighted) are two common examples. People with myopia or hyperopia cannot focus image accurately on the retina. Another example is astigmatism, it is caused by the abnormal curve shape of the cornera or the lens. And it can cause distorted or blurred vision. The second type are ocular motor problems. It is caused by irregular movement of the ocular muscles that control the movement of the eyeballs. It leads to the inability for the eyes to control focusing objects. Strasbismus is an example. This condition effects about 2 percent (2 out of 100) of all young children. Strabismus is a lack of coordinated muscle movement or focusing ability between the eyes, causing the eyes to point in different directions. One or both eyes may turn inward (crossed eyes) or outward (walleye). The eyes, the brain area that controls vision, and the muscles attached to the eyeball are involved. It result in the child that looks in certain directions, double vision (sometimes), vision in one eye only, with loss of depth perception. Strabismus can affect both sexes, all ages, but it usually begins during early childhood, frequently before age 5. If not corrected through therapy or surgery, crossed eyes can result in permanent loss of vision. The third type are eye diseases, it is caused by damage or disease before or after birth to one or more structure of the eye (Winzer, 374). One off the most common causes of blindness is cataracts. Cataracts are a clouding of the lens of the eye that keeps light from reaching retina. Resulting in badly blurred vision, double vision, sensitivity to bright lights and change in color vision. One eye is often more seriously affected than the other. It may be cause by chemical change in the lens. The exact cause is still unknown, but there are many factors that can accelerate cataract formation.These include an injury, either from a blow to the head or direct eye injury, other diseases exposure to radiation of any kind (x-rays, microwaves, or infrared rays) long-term use of a corticosteroid drug. A child may be born with cataracts or develop them at an early age. These cataracts, called congenital cataracts, may be caused by a genetic disorder such as down syndrome or from a condition the mother had during pregnancy such as German measles. The fourth type are other defects such as color blindness, photophobia or albinism. Color blindness is a inherited vision disorder which is often found in male rather than in female. Persons who have color blindness do not have one of the three cone cells which are responsible for receiving either blue, green and red. Therefore, people with color blindness are likely to confuse with red and green. But the condition is not serious enough to connect with visual impairments. Albinism is a hereditary disease. It must be pass thorugh from both parents, each of whom either has albinism or is a carrier of that trait. Albinism affects the production of melanin(Winzer,379). A lack of melanin in the retina, iris and choroid will cause the pupil to become in deep red color, the iris will become in grey, light blue or pink. A person with albinism will also suffer from photophobia, which is the extreme sensitivity to light. Bright light may decreases the person's visual acuity and may blinds the persons with albinism.

The High School Science Classes You Should Take

The High School Science Classes You Should Take SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Which science classes will you be required to take in high school, and what will you learn in them?Which science subjects will colleges expect you to have studied, and how can you impress them by exceeding expectations? Read this guide to learn about standard science curriculum, AP and IB science courses, college expectations, and ways you can exceed those expectations and use your high school science classes to strengthen your transcript. Standard High School Science Curriculum Most high schools require students to complete 2 or 3 years of science classes in order to graduate, and these classes will often include a laboratory component where students conduct hands-on experiments as part of the class. The course sequence for science classes in most high schools goes biology → chemistry → physics. Some schools teach earth science freshman year then move on to biology and chemistry, and some schools follow the "Physics First" curriculum where studentstake physics as freshman. However, the majority of schools follow the course sequence outlined below: Freshman Year: Biology Biology is usually the first science high school students are taught because it has less of a focus on math than other science subjects, so freshman have time to develop their math skills before moving on to more math-focused sciences Main topics include: cells, the organism and its relationship to the environment, human growth and development, ecology, genetics. Sophomore Year: Chemistry Chemistry generally has a greater emphasis on mathematical concepts and lab work than biology. Main topics include:introduction to acids and bases, the mole concept, reaction rates, and chemical energy. Junior Year: Physics or Earth/Physical Science This is probably the first year you will have a choice in regards to which science subject to study: physics or earth/physical science Physics Physics is most often taken by students more confident in their scientific and math abilities, those planning to study science or math in the future, and those who want to get into more competitive colleges.Physics frequently requires math skills (algebra level and above). Main topics include:concepts of time, space, and matter, motion and forces, optics and light, electricity and magnetism, atomic physics. Earth/Physical Science Different schools may have different names for this course, but most classes will cover topics from both earth and physical science.These classes are less math-intensive and often considered less rigorous than physics. Main topics in earth science:geology, weather, astronomy, life processes. Main topics in physical science:kinetics, mechanics, optics, electricity, magnetism. Should You Take Physics? Itlooks better on your transcript if you do, but most colleges don’t require it, unless you plan on majoring in math or science. Ifyou are applying to a highly competitive school, plan on studying math or science in the future, or are confident in your math and science abilities, then you should take physics. Ifyou struggle with math and science and aren’t planning on majoring in those fields, then it’s probably fineto take earth/physical science instead. However, try to take higher level classes in other subjects like English or social studies to keep your transcript strong. Senior Year: Optional Electives There is no standard science subject for high school seniorsMost high schools do not require seniors to take a science class, but if you choose to, you can take electives.Electives are offered on a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, human biology, and zoology. Senioryear is also an excellent year to strengthen your transcript by taking AP science classes (see â€Å"How can you Exceed Expectations† section below). You'll have the opportunity to take a variety of science classes in high school. Image source: Pearson Which Science Classes Do Colleges Expect You to Have Taken? Similar to high schools, most colleges require applicants to have taken 2-3 years of science. These requirements also often include passing biology and chemistry. However, if you are applying to a highly competitive college, be aware that many require or highly recommend completing 4 years of science in high school, and they sometimes alsorequire your 4th year of science to be an AP science class. Regardless of the type of college you are interested in attending, if you plan on majoring in a STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math)field, you will be expected to have taken 4 years of science in high school, including physics. How Can You Exceed Expectations? If you are not planning on majoring in a STEM field or applying to a highly competitive college, it is more important for you to focus on courses more closely related to your future major than trying to exceed colleges' expectations with your science classes. Colleges are more interested in how well you did in the subjects you plan to continue studying in college. Completing 3 years of science and getting solid grades in those classes is typically all you need to do to meet the expectations of college admissions officers. However, if you are able to take 4 years of science, possibly with some of those classes at an honors or AP level, that's great and will strengthen your transcript, but don't pursue challenging science classes if it causes your grades in the area you plan to major in to drop. If you plan to study a STEM field, it’s important to show you have strong science skills, and your science coursework should go beyond basic entrance requirements. You will likely be using at least some of the skills you learn in your science classes in your future career, and colleges want to be sure you can handle the subject material before they admit you. Also, you will be competing for a spot with many other talented STEM students, so it is important to exceed expectations to help yourself stand out. You can accomplish this by taking4 years of science, taking science courses at the highest level they are offered (honors or AP), and getting high grades in those classes. More specifically: Take honors classes if possible your first 3 years Take physics instead of earth science Take one or more AP science classes your senior year Get strong grades in these classes Below are several examples of advanced science classes. AP Classes The main AP science classes AP Biology, AP Chemistry AP Physics C (calculus based), and AP Physics 1 and 2 (algebra based). These classes expand on material learned inregular or honors-level courses, but are more rigorous, require more math skills, and often have a greater lab component. If you plan on taking one or more of these classes your senior year, make sure you have enough room in your schedule. Because of the number of labs students in these courses must complete, these classes sometimes take 1.5 or 2 class periods a day in order to fit in all the required material. Of the three subjects, none is automatically the â€Å"best† to take;all three are rigorous courses known for having challenging AP exams (although Physics C is generally viewed as more difficult than Physics 12 because it requires knowledge of calculus). If you decide to take one of these courses, choose the one youthink most relates to your future studies and career, or look at college websites to see which course would get you the most college credits, and make your decision that way. AP Environmental Science isalso another option, and it focuses on human impacts on the environment, climate change, interrelationships of the natural world, and ways of developing solutions to environmental problems.This course is not considered quite as rigorous as the other AP science classes because it usually doesn’t have an honors prerequisite, and it requires less math and lab work.However, it is still an AP course and will therefore still be challenging and viewed more highly than taking non-AP science electives. AP Environmental Science is a good option for someone who wants to take an AP science but without as much rigor or time commitment as the other AP science courses, or for someone who is already taking a different AP science class and wants to add another that only takes up one class period. IB Classes Inorder to obtain the IB diploma, you must take at least one course from each of the six IB subject categories. Science is one of those categories, with seven different IB options. IB courses are offered at standard level (SL) and high level (HL). The IB science courses are as follows: Three Main Science Courses: Biology, Chemistry, and Physics These three classes arecomparable to AP courses, although IB courses often include more report writing and lab work. Particularly if you plan on studying science in college, it would be a good idea to take one of these three courses for the group requirement, as they are the science subjects colleges are most interested in. All three offered at SL and HL Computer Science This course focuses on computational thinking and how computers work. It also includes practical activities, such as programming. This is a good option if you plan on studying computer science or a similar subject in college. SL and HL Design Technology This course teaches students how to create solutions to common problems using the design cycle and technology. Main subjects taught include modeling, sustainable production, and innovation and design. SL and HL Environmental Systems and Societies This is an interdisciplinary course that focuses on conservation and biodiversity, pollution management, and environmental demands of human populations. SL only Sports, Exercise, and Health Science This course focuses on human anatomy and physiology, as well as nutrition, psychology, and biomechanics. SL only Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. More Options for Science Classes If you want to take a specific science class, perhaps one that is closely related to your future career, or you simply want the opportunity to take more science classes beyond the required curriculum, there are several ways to do this. Electives While taking an AP science class will look most impressive to colleges, electives are always an option as well, particularly if you don't plan on majoring in a STEM subject. Many schools offer a wide range of science electives, and they are agreat way to take a class in a more specialized field of science you’re particularly interested in, or to add more science courses to your transcript if you don’t have the time or desire to take an AP science course. Community College Classes Ifyour school doesn’t offer a specific AP science class or elective, you may be able to take a similar course at a local community college. This is also a way to take higher-level science classes most high schools don't offer, including advanced classes in biology, chemistry or physics. While taking a college-level class can be difficult, it will look great on your transcript, and you often get college credit for it. Talk to your guidance counselor to learn how to enroll in community college classes. Career-Focused Options It'sbecoming more common for high schools to offer classes developed specifically for students planning a particular science career, such as one in medicine or research.My school had a course students who wanted to become doctors could take, where three days a week they would have a standard human physiology class, and twice a week they would visit a local hospital and observe doctors and nurses. Similar to job shadowing, this is a great opportunity to get more hands-on experience and see if a particular career is right for you.Even if your school doesn’t offer classes like that, you may be able to set up something similar as an independent study. Your school may offer science classes specifically for students thinking about pursuing a degree in medicine Summary Most colleges and high schools require you to complete 2-3 years of science. You will probably be required to take biology and chemistry your first two years of high school. Take physics your junior year if any of the following apply: you are confident in your math and science abilities, you plan on majoring in math, engineering, or science in college, or you are looking to attend a top college. If you plan on majoring in a STEM field, you should take 4 years of science,including an AP science class your senior year, if possible. If you will not be majoring in a STEM field, consider taking science electives your senior year. What's Next? Trying to decide whether AP or IB is better? Check out our guide to see which program is best for you! Also wondering about which math classes you should take in high school? We have a guide that explains standard curriculum, course sequence, and ways to impress colleges with your math classes. Are you considering summer academic programs for middle school and high school students? Look at our guides on theSIG, CTY, and Stanford EPGYprograms. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Controversial issues in education Literature review

Controversial issues in education - Literature review Example This group thinks that spiritual and ethical teachings play a significant role in schooling as it is contributing to the behavior of students in a positive way. The prayers and belief can help them in different stages of lives and therefore there is a need of religious motivation in our students. The other group of people who are not supporting prayers in schools think that organizing prayers that are against the children’s religious belief and can create confusion in the children’s mind about their religious beliefs, and therefore to avoid such matters prayers should be kept away from the public schools. According to a law in US, organizing prayers in school is considered illegal. Another controversial issue is whether sexual education should be a part of educational curriculum or not. This is the most challenging issue faced by different educational institutions around the globe. I think that the children should be given proper sexual education by their schools so that they can make accountable and decent decisions. However some people think that this knowledge should be provided by their parents, but in most cases parents are not comfortable while sharing this information with their children. By providing the children with sexual information they can deal with the stresses related to different sexual activities and can make responsible decisions. Therefore sexual education is made a necessary part of our education system to avoid young pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (Curtis, 2008). Another important issue related to education is whether uniform should be mandatory in schools. According to a research, uniforms should be mandatory for all the students as it represents the school’s image and esteem. The school uniform eliminates the gap between financially advantaged and disadvantaged students and it has been reported that 65% students